Guanidine hydrochloride is
often used as an intermediate in medicines, pesticides, dyes and other
organic compounds, it is also an important raw material for sulfonamides
and folic acid; it can be used as a strong denaturants in the
extraction of total RNA from cells. The proportion of traditional
refined guanidine hydrochloride synthetic preparation process is simple,
and the operation in each process is not strict: such as mixing
impurities during stirring, temperature is difficult to observe, and
weighing is inaccurate. Both of them lead to the problem that the low
purity of the Guanidine HCL and the incomplete reaction. Then how to solve these problems?
Researchers
have developed a new guanidine hydrochloride synthetic preparation
process, which solves the shortcomings of the prior part. As a
preference, the following steps are included:
1.
Ratio: (1) dicyandiamide 350g, ammonium chloride 450g, ammonium
carbonate 50g, (2) dicyandiamide 168g: ammonium chloride 203g: ammonium
carbonate 19g; weighting by electronic precision balance, one
prefabricated, another reserved.
2.
Preparation, adding the pre-formed raw materials to the reaction kettle
with electric heating function, adding the spare raw materials to the
porcelain quality cup (high-temperature disinfection after washing and
drying before operation), and uniformly stirring the raw materials in
reaction kettle through the non-front glass rod. The raw materials in
the porcelain cup are are added to the reaction kettle after the raw
materials in that are uniformly stirred;
3, heating, the reactor is heated to 170°C±5°C, and monitored by a temperature sensor;
4. The synthesis reaction is carried out in a reactor environment of 170°C±5°C for three hours;
5. Preparation was completed, and the reaction vessel was opened to obtain 385 g of hydrazine hydrochloride.
The
preparation process not only has a precise ratio, the reaction
temperature is convenient for observation and control, no impurity is
mixed during stirring, the reaction is complete, and the prepared
guanidine hydrochloride is also high in purity.
Edited by Suzhou Yacoo Science Co., Ltd.
2019年3月13日星期三
The summary and comparation for synthesis of HEPES
4-(2-hydroxyethyl)-1-piperazineethanesulfonic acid (HEPES)
is a hydrogen ion buffer which has a good buffering capacity in the pH
range of 6.8~8.2 and can control a constant pH for a long time. The
commonly used concentration is 10~50mmol/L, the general culture solution
contains 20mmol/L HEPES can have a good buffer capacity. Then how to
prepare it?
1. CN104803949A
(1) addition reaction of vinyl sulfonic acid or vinyl sulfonate with N-hydroxyethylpiperazine to prepare 4-hydroxyethylpiperazine Ethane sulfonate;
(2) using an acidifying agent to convert 4-hydroxyethylpiperazineethanesulfonate to 4-hydroxyethylpiperazineethanesulfonic acid and a salt of the corresponding acidifying agent to obtain an acidified mother liquor;
(3) the acidified mother liquor is crystallized to remove the salt of the corresponding acidifying agent to obtain the acidified mother liquor after the treatment;
(4) a soluble barium salt or a calcium salt is added to the acidified mother liquor to remove residual sulfate, and concentrated by evaporation to obtain a primary purification product of HEPES;
(5) The primary purified product is washed with a small molecular weight alcohol, and dried to obtain high purity HEPES.
The method not only can produce HEPES in high purity, but also has low purification cost, simple process, easy operation and no pollution.
2. CN104876892A
(1) condensation reaction of 2-hydroxyethylsulfonic acid or 2-hydroxyethylsulfonate with N-hydroxyethylpiperazine to obtain 4-hydroxyethyl Piperazine ethyl sulfonate;
(2) using an acidifying agent to convert 4-hydroxyethylpiperazineethanesulfonate to 4-hydroxyethylpiperazineethanesulfonic acid and a salt of the corresponding acidifying agent to obtain an acidified mother liquor;
(3) the acidified mother liquor is diluted with deionized water to 1~10 wt.%, and salt of the corresponding acidifying agent is removed by nanofiltration, and concentrated by evaporation to obtain a crude HEPES;
(4) The crude HEPES was washed and dried to obtain high-purity HEPES.
The method not only can produce HEPES with high purity, but also has low production cost, simple process, easy operation and high yield.
3. CN106905262A
(1) 2-hydroxyethylsulfonic acid or 2-hydroxyethylsulfonate and N-hydroxyethylpiperazine are subjected to a condensation reaction to obtain 4-hydroxyethylpiperazineethanesulfonate;
(2) adding an acidifying agent to 4-hydroxyethylpiperazineethanesulfonate, converting it to 4-hydroxyethylpiperazineethanesulfonic acid and a salt corresponding to the acidifying agent to obtain an acidified mother liquor;
(3) The acidified mother liquor is diluted with deionized water to a solution of 10-15wt.%, and extracted by a five-stage continuous countercurrent centrifugal extractor to extract a raffinate and extract an organic phase, the raffinate is aqueous solution of product and inorganic salt.
(4) the extracted organic phase is treated with reverse extraction, and recover the extracting agent, obtain impurities and by-products;
(5) the salt of the corresponding acidifying agent in raffinate in step 3 is removed with a nanofiltration membrane, and concentrated by evaporation to obtain a HEPES;
(6) Finally, the 4-hydroxyethylpiperazineethanesulfonic acid product was washed with absolute ethanol and dried to obtain high-purity HEPES.
The HEPES obtained by the invention has high purity, simple operation process, environmental protection process, low purification cost and high yield, which is suitable for industrial mass production.
4. CN108003117A
(1) adding a sodium sulfate solution with a mass fraction of 3%~5% in the anode chamber and the cathode chamber, and adding a sodium hydroxyethylpiperazine ethylsulfonate solution with a mass concentration of 10% to 30% in the liquid chamber, add pure water in the alkali chamber;
(2) Passing DC power supply for voltage regulation operation, control voltage is 15~25V, control current density is 10~20mA/cm2, device operating temperature is 20~35°C, flow control of each compartment is 30~40L/h, during the process of device operation, each compartment is circulated and cooled by the chilled brine in the circulating coil;
(3) Sampling and analyzing the solution in the alkali chamber and the liquid chamber at regular intervals. When the concentration of the solution in the alkali chamber is maintained, the device stops running, and finally the solution of HEPES is obtained, which was evaporated to obtain a solid crystal of HEPES.
HEPES obtained by the method satisfies the requirement of high purity, and can also recover the alkali liquor, thereby effectively avoiding the pollutant discharge and realizing the resource-saving utilization.
Edited by Suzhou Yacoo Science Co., Ltd.
1. CN104803949A
(1) addition reaction of vinyl sulfonic acid or vinyl sulfonate with N-hydroxyethylpiperazine to prepare 4-hydroxyethylpiperazine Ethane sulfonate;
(2) using an acidifying agent to convert 4-hydroxyethylpiperazineethanesulfonate to 4-hydroxyethylpiperazineethanesulfonic acid and a salt of the corresponding acidifying agent to obtain an acidified mother liquor;
(3) the acidified mother liquor is crystallized to remove the salt of the corresponding acidifying agent to obtain the acidified mother liquor after the treatment;
(4) a soluble barium salt or a calcium salt is added to the acidified mother liquor to remove residual sulfate, and concentrated by evaporation to obtain a primary purification product of HEPES;
(5) The primary purified product is washed with a small molecular weight alcohol, and dried to obtain high purity HEPES.
The method not only can produce HEPES in high purity, but also has low purification cost, simple process, easy operation and no pollution.
2. CN104876892A
(1) condensation reaction of 2-hydroxyethylsulfonic acid or 2-hydroxyethylsulfonate with N-hydroxyethylpiperazine to obtain 4-hydroxyethyl Piperazine ethyl sulfonate;
(2) using an acidifying agent to convert 4-hydroxyethylpiperazineethanesulfonate to 4-hydroxyethylpiperazineethanesulfonic acid and a salt of the corresponding acidifying agent to obtain an acidified mother liquor;
(3) the acidified mother liquor is diluted with deionized water to 1~10 wt.%, and salt of the corresponding acidifying agent is removed by nanofiltration, and concentrated by evaporation to obtain a crude HEPES;
(4) The crude HEPES was washed and dried to obtain high-purity HEPES.
The method not only can produce HEPES with high purity, but also has low production cost, simple process, easy operation and high yield.
3. CN106905262A
(1) 2-hydroxyethylsulfonic acid or 2-hydroxyethylsulfonate and N-hydroxyethylpiperazine are subjected to a condensation reaction to obtain 4-hydroxyethylpiperazineethanesulfonate;
(2) adding an acidifying agent to 4-hydroxyethylpiperazineethanesulfonate, converting it to 4-hydroxyethylpiperazineethanesulfonic acid and a salt corresponding to the acidifying agent to obtain an acidified mother liquor;
(3) The acidified mother liquor is diluted with deionized water to a solution of 10-15wt.%, and extracted by a five-stage continuous countercurrent centrifugal extractor to extract a raffinate and extract an organic phase, the raffinate is aqueous solution of product and inorganic salt.
(4) the extracted organic phase is treated with reverse extraction, and recover the extracting agent, obtain impurities and by-products;
(5) the salt of the corresponding acidifying agent in raffinate in step 3 is removed with a nanofiltration membrane, and concentrated by evaporation to obtain a HEPES;
(6) Finally, the 4-hydroxyethylpiperazineethanesulfonic acid product was washed with absolute ethanol and dried to obtain high-purity HEPES.
The HEPES obtained by the invention has high purity, simple operation process, environmental protection process, low purification cost and high yield, which is suitable for industrial mass production.
4. CN108003117A
(1) adding a sodium sulfate solution with a mass fraction of 3%~5% in the anode chamber and the cathode chamber, and adding a sodium hydroxyethylpiperazine ethylsulfonate solution with a mass concentration of 10% to 30% in the liquid chamber, add pure water in the alkali chamber;
(2) Passing DC power supply for voltage regulation operation, control voltage is 15~25V, control current density is 10~20mA/cm2, device operating temperature is 20~35°C, flow control of each compartment is 30~40L/h, during the process of device operation, each compartment is circulated and cooled by the chilled brine in the circulating coil;
(3) Sampling and analyzing the solution in the alkali chamber and the liquid chamber at regular intervals. When the concentration of the solution in the alkali chamber is maintained, the device stops running, and finally the solution of HEPES is obtained, which was evaporated to obtain a solid crystal of HEPES.
HEPES obtained by the method satisfies the requirement of high purity, and can also recover the alkali liquor, thereby effectively avoiding the pollutant discharge and realizing the resource-saving utilization.
Edited by Suzhou Yacoo Science Co., Ltd.
Recipes of HEPES Buffer
4-(2-hydroxyethyl)-1-piperazineethanesulfonic acid (HEPES)
is a hydrogen ion buffer which has a good buffering capacity in the pH
range of 6.8~8.2 and can control a constant pH for a long time. It can
be used in a wide range of biochemical reactions, such as, in the
research of organelles and highly denatured pH-sensitive proteins and
enzymes, as well as biochemical diagnostic kit, DNA/RNA extraction kits
and PCR diagnostic kit. Below we will list the common used recipes.
(1) HEPES buffer
Adjust the pH to 7.4 with HCl or NaOH. HEPES buffer can be stored refrigerated for several weeks.
(2) HEPES Binding Buffer
10-mM HEPES, pH 7.4; 150 mM NaCl; 5 mM KCl; 1 mM MgCl2; 1.8 mM CaCl2.
(3) HEPES-KRH Buffer
(5) HEPES-Buffered Saline (HBS) Precipitation Buffer (2×)
50 mM HEPES, 280 mM NaCl. Adjust the pH to 7.10 (±0.05) with NaOH. Bring the final volume to 1 L in ddH2O. Filter-sterilize.
(6) HEPES Immunoprecipitation Buffer
Edited by Suzhou Yacoo Science Co., Ltd.
(1) HEPES buffer
Reagent
|
Amount to add (for 1 L)
|
Final concentration
|
NaCl
|
6.72 g
|
115 mM
|
CaCl2
|
133 mg
|
1.2 mM
|
MgCl2
|
114 mg
|
1.2 mM
|
K2HPO4
|
418 mg
|
2.4 mM
|
HEPES
|
4.77 g
|
20 mM
|
H2O
|
to 1 L
| |
Adjust the pH to 7.4 with HCl or NaOH. HEPES buffer can be stored refrigerated for several weeks.
(2) HEPES Binding Buffer
10-mM HEPES, pH 7.4; 150 mM NaCl; 5 mM KCl; 1 mM MgCl2; 1.8 mM CaCl2.
- Annexin V-FITC in HEPES binding buffer
- PI in HEPES binding buffer
(3) HEPES-KRH Buffer
Reagent
|
Final concentration
|
NaCl
|
116 mM
|
KCl
|
4 mM
|
MgCl2
|
1 mM
|
CaCl2
|
1.8 mM
|
Glucose
|
25 mM
|
HEPES acid
|
10 mM
|
Adjust pH to 7.4.
(4) HEPES-buffered saline buffer
Reagent
|
Final concentration
|
NaCl
|
150 mM
|
Tween-20
|
0.005% (v/v)
|
EDTA
|
3 mM
|
HEPES pH (7.4)
|
10 mM
|
(5) HEPES-Buffered Saline (HBS) Precipitation Buffer (2×)
50 mM HEPES, 280 mM NaCl. Adjust the pH to 7.10 (±0.05) with NaOH. Bring the final volume to 1 L in ddH2O. Filter-sterilize.
(6) HEPES Immunoprecipitation Buffer
Reagent
|
Final concentration
|
NaCl
|
10 mM
|
Na-β-glycerophosphate
|
20 mM
|
EDTA
|
1 mM
|
HEPES pH (7.5)
|
50 mM
|
Na3VO4
|
0.1 mM
|
NaF
|
50 mM
|
PMSF
|
1 mM
|
DTT
|
1 mM
|
NP-40
|
0.1%
|
Protease inhibitor cocktail
| |
Edited by Suzhou Yacoo Science Co., Ltd.
TRIS Buffer Tablets? Simple, fast, and easy to save
Tris(Hydroxymethyl) Aminomethane (TRIS) buffer
solution is a biological reagent, which is a buffer solution commonly
used in biological preparation and medical preparation. For example,
it’s commonly used in peprotech recombinant cytokines and protein
solubilization, and widely used as solvent for nucleic acid and proteins
electrophoresis. Usually, it is used as a liquid, but it is not easy to
store for a long time and the preparation is inconvenient. If it is
made into a tablet, the above problem will be well solved.
Some researchers have provided a preparation method of TRIS buffer tablets which are ready to use, easy to store, simple and quick to prepare. The steps are as follows:
(1) TRIS, boric acid, EDTA, cross-linked amylose (weight ratio: 54:22~23:3.0~3.5:3.3~4), pulverized to make into particles with 100~200 mesh; The main material trishydroxymethylaminomethane is in the grade of pharmacopoeia; Excipients boric acid and EDTA are AR grade, crosslinked amylose and microcrystalline cellulose are biological grade;
(2) mixing and stirring evenly;
(3) Tablet press, pressure 2~4 tons;
(4) Weighing and testing;
(5) Packaging.
The pH of the TRIS buffer solution varies with temperature greatly, making it more difficult to formulate the solution. The buffer tablet provided by the method is simple and easy to use, and can be quickly opened and disintegrated as long as the tablet is put into the quantitative water, thereby obtaining a buffer solution with an accurate pH value, saving the user's manpower and material resources and improving work efficiency. At the same time, it is easy to store, carry and transport. The storage period is up to 3~5 years, and suitable for industrial production.
Edited by Suzhou Yacoo Science Co., Ltd.
Some researchers have provided a preparation method of TRIS buffer tablets which are ready to use, easy to store, simple and quick to prepare. The steps are as follows:
(1) TRIS, boric acid, EDTA, cross-linked amylose (weight ratio: 54:22~23:3.0~3.5:3.3~4), pulverized to make into particles with 100~200 mesh; The main material trishydroxymethylaminomethane is in the grade of pharmacopoeia; Excipients boric acid and EDTA are AR grade, crosslinked amylose and microcrystalline cellulose are biological grade;
(2) mixing and stirring evenly;
(3) Tablet press, pressure 2~4 tons;
(4) Weighing and testing;
(5) Packaging.
The pH of the TRIS buffer solution varies with temperature greatly, making it more difficult to formulate the solution. The buffer tablet provided by the method is simple and easy to use, and can be quickly opened and disintegrated as long as the tablet is put into the quantitative water, thereby obtaining a buffer solution with an accurate pH value, saving the user's manpower and material resources and improving work efficiency. At the same time, it is easy to store, carry and transport. The storage period is up to 3~5 years, and suitable for industrial production.
Edited by Suzhou Yacoo Science Co., Ltd.
Preparation of CAPS in high purity with low cost
Good's
buffers are zwitterionic buffers, which are generally sulfamic
acid-based organic compounds, their pH values are relatively stable and
does not react with various enzymes and chemical reagents. It is mainly
used in the field of biology and medicine. CAPS (N-Cyclohexyl-3-Aminopropanesulfonic Acid)
is one of the commonly used Good's buffers in separation of basic drugs
by enzymatic chemistry and HPLC. Therefore, its preparation is very
important. In order to reduce the reaction conditions, it is generally
carried out under the conditions of a catalyst and infrared light
irradiation in the production process, while the production cost is
increased. And at the same time, the purity of the preparation is
difficult to be improved due to the instability of the reaction
conditions. This article describes a low-cost method for preparing high purity CAPS.
The preparation process includes:
(1) Preparation of catalyst cerium light rare earth doped nano titanium dioxide: titanium powder and cerium light rare earth are mixed at a weight ratio of 10:1, calcined in a muffle furnace at a temperature of 650°C for 15 h, and then dissolved in distilled water. It was shaken in a water bath, mixed by shaking at 65°C for 60 min, and finally filtered and dried.
(2) The sulfite, bisulfite and propenol are reacted under the special catalyst to prepare 1,3-propanesulfonate, the reaction temperature is 65~90°C, the pH is 6~6.5, and the reaction time is 4~12 hours, the reaction molar concentration ratio is: propenol:bisulfite:sulfite = 1:1.1~1.7:0.1~0.6;
(3) reacting the obtained 1,3-propanesulfonate with carbonic acid at a temperature of 30~50°C for 1~2 h to obtain 1,3-propanesulfonic acid;
(4) The obtained 1,3-propanesulfonic acid and cyclohexylamine are reacted in a water bath at a temperature of 70~90°C for 2~5 h to obtain a crude product of 3-cyclohexylamine-1-propanesulfonic acid;
(5) The crude product of 3-cyclohexylamine-1-propanesulfonic acid is dehydrated by molecular distillation technique at a temperature of 140~150°C and a pressure of 13~266 Pa;
(6) Washing with acetone for 3~7 times to remove cyclohexylamine (the ratio of acetone-washed acetone and crude 3-cyclohexylamine-1-propanesulfonic acid is 5:8), and finally washing 3-cyclohexylamine with distilled water for 3~7 times, and 500 mL of distilled water was used each time to obtain purified 3-cyclohexylamine-1-propanesulfonic acid.
The nanometer titanium dioxide catalyst with rare earth cerium is high in catalytic performance, and the reaction can be carried out without irradiation of infrared light; the sulfite and bisulfite are widely used, and are easily removed in the reaction; during the washing process, the PEEK can be effectively cleaned to ensure maximum acetone savings and lower production costs.
Reference
Yuan Xuesheng. Preparation method of 3-cyclohexylamine-1-propanesulfonic acid. 2016.11.16, CN106117088A
Edited by Suzhou Yacoo Science Co., Ltd.
The preparation process includes:
(1) Preparation of catalyst cerium light rare earth doped nano titanium dioxide: titanium powder and cerium light rare earth are mixed at a weight ratio of 10:1, calcined in a muffle furnace at a temperature of 650°C for 15 h, and then dissolved in distilled water. It was shaken in a water bath, mixed by shaking at 65°C for 60 min, and finally filtered and dried.
(2) The sulfite, bisulfite and propenol are reacted under the special catalyst to prepare 1,3-propanesulfonate, the reaction temperature is 65~90°C, the pH is 6~6.5, and the reaction time is 4~12 hours, the reaction molar concentration ratio is: propenol:bisulfite:sulfite = 1:1.1~1.7:0.1~0.6;
(3) reacting the obtained 1,3-propanesulfonate with carbonic acid at a temperature of 30~50°C for 1~2 h to obtain 1,3-propanesulfonic acid;
(4) The obtained 1,3-propanesulfonic acid and cyclohexylamine are reacted in a water bath at a temperature of 70~90°C for 2~5 h to obtain a crude product of 3-cyclohexylamine-1-propanesulfonic acid;
(5) The crude product of 3-cyclohexylamine-1-propanesulfonic acid is dehydrated by molecular distillation technique at a temperature of 140~150°C and a pressure of 13~266 Pa;
(6) Washing with acetone for 3~7 times to remove cyclohexylamine (the ratio of acetone-washed acetone and crude 3-cyclohexylamine-1-propanesulfonic acid is 5:8), and finally washing 3-cyclohexylamine with distilled water for 3~7 times, and 500 mL of distilled water was used each time to obtain purified 3-cyclohexylamine-1-propanesulfonic acid.
The nanometer titanium dioxide catalyst with rare earth cerium is high in catalytic performance, and the reaction can be carried out without irradiation of infrared light; the sulfite and bisulfite are widely used, and are easily removed in the reaction; during the washing process, the PEEK can be effectively cleaned to ensure maximum acetone savings and lower production costs.
Reference
Yuan Xuesheng. Preparation method of 3-cyclohexylamine-1-propanesulfonic acid. 2016.11.16, CN106117088A
Edited by Suzhou Yacoo Science Co., Ltd.
2019年3月12日星期二
Material requirements for direct contact with AdBlue
In order to avoid contamination of
automotive urea solutions and corrosion of containers, pipes, valves,
connectors, gaskets, etc., it is necessary to ensure that the urea
solution of the vehicle is compatible with the material in direct
contact at all stages of handling, transportation, storage and sampling.
EverBlue Chemicals always insists on using qualified contact materials to provide customers with high-quality AdBlue /Diesel exhaust fluid (DEF) .Our main products cover AdBlue(DEF) , AdBlue production machine , Urea , filling machine ,SCR accessories. We provide AdBlue with various kinds of packing such as 5L ,10L , 20L , 205L , 1000L , 23000L .
|
Highly alloyed austenitic Cr-Ni-steels and Cr-Ni-Mo-steels, for example in accordance with EN 10088-1, EN 10088-2 and EN 10088-3 (i.e. 1.4541 and 1.4571), or stainless steel 304 (S30400), 304L (S30403), 316 (S31600) and 316L (S31603) in accordance with ASTM A240, ASTM A276 and ASTM A312
|
|
Titanium |
|
Ni-Mo-Cr-Mn-Cu-Si-Fe alloys, e.g. hastelloy c/c-276 |
|
Polyethylene, free of additives |
|
Polypropylene, free of additives |
|
Polyisobutylene, free of additives |
|
Perfluoroalkoxyl alkane (PFA), free of additives |
|
Polyfluoroethylene (PFE), free of additives |
|
Polyvinylidenefluoride (PVDF), free of additives |
|
Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), free of additives |
|
Copolymers of vinylidenefluoride and hexafluoropropylene, free of additives |
|
NOTE 1 The sequence given in this list does not constitute a ranking of the recommended materials. NOTE 2 Materials made of plastics can contain various kinds of additives used either for processing or for special kinds of serviceability. These additives can possibly migrate into AUS 32. For this reason, it is advisable that special care be taken for testing the contamination of AUS 32 by additives from plastic materials used in direct contact with AUS 32. |
EverBlue Chemicals always insists on using qualified contact materials to provide customers with high-quality AdBlue /Diesel exhaust fluid (DEF) .Our main products cover AdBlue(DEF) , AdBlue production machine , Urea , filling machine ,SCR accessories. We provide AdBlue with various kinds of packing such as 5L ,10L , 20L , 205L , 1000L , 23000L .
How to choose a polypropylene model suitable for your enterprise sewage treatment？
How to choose a polypropylene model ？
Although polyacrylamide
is favored by everyone in sewage treatment, it is not a panacea, not a
single model can solve all the problems, and different types and models
of polyacrylamide are needed for different water quality of sewage.
Different enterprises of the nature of the wastewater is different, have plenty of acidic water, have plenty of alkaline water quality, and water quality is neutral, some containing oil, some contain lots of organic compounds, some color, some contain large amounts of sediment, there are all kinds of situation, foshan jianmei aluminum group is a large aluminum plant, the company to provide customers the anionic polyacrylamide have solved the problem of aluminum sewage, and get the customers satisfied with the products. So, how to choose the right polyacrylamide better and more reasonably?
Generally speaking, the treatment effect of cationic polyacrylamide is good for wastewater with acidic water quality, and anionic polyacrylamide is good for wastewater with alkaline water quality. Of course, the quality of neutral sewage shows relatively alkaline and acidic sewage is easy to treat. If the water quality of sewage is too acidic, it is generally difficult to treat. The usual practice is to add alkali into the sewage to adjust the ph of sewage so that the sewage reaches the best neutral level.
On the contrary, if the sewage shows high alkaline strength, it is necessary to add acid to adjust the ph of the sewage. Through repeated experimental comparison, select the model with the best experimental effect, and then check whether the selected model is also suitable for production in the actual production process.
Principles For Selection Of Sewage Treatment Processes
1. The main technical and economic indexes of process selection include: treatment of unit water investment, reduction of unit pollution investment, treatment of unit water consumption and cost, reduction of unit pollutant power consumption and cost, occupation of land, operation performance reliability, management and maintenance of the degree of difficulty, overall environmental benefits and so on.
2. Urban wastewater treatment technology should be selected according to the treatment scale, water quality characteristics, environmental functions of the receiving water body, local actual conditions and requirements, and selected after comprehensive technical and economic comparison.
3. It is necessary to determine the influent water quality of sewage, optimize the parameters of process design, and make a detailed investigation or determination of the current water quality characteristics of sewage, and make a reasonable analysis and prediction. The composition of water quality is complex. When special, the dynamic test of sewage treatment process should be carried out, and the pilot study should be carried out if necessary.
4. The new process should be adopted actively and prudently. For the new process that is applied for the first time, it must pass pilot test and production test, and provide reliable design parameters before application.
5. In the construction of the same sewage plant by stages, the same process should be adopted in each stage, and the construction scale of each stage should be the same as possible.
Related reading:Aluminium Chloride for Sewage Sludge Dewatering
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